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        <title>Frontiers in Science | New and Recent Articles</title>
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        <pubDate>2026-05-24T17:38:41.189+00:00</pubDate>
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        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fsci.2026.1721295</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fsci.2026.1721295</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Enhancing soil science research with multi-agent artificial intelligence systems]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-05-21T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Frontiers in Science Lead Article</category>
        <author>Budiman Minasny</author><author>Alex McBratney</author><author>José A.M. Demattê</author><author>Mercedes Román Dobarco</author><author>Pete Smith</author>
        <description><![CDATA[Soil science is entering a new era characterized by the integration of artificial intelligence (AI) multi-agent systems, extending the field beyond traditional machine learning (ML) applications such as digital soil mapping and spectroscopy. While current ML tools are effective for specific tasks, they often lack the reasoning, contextual integration, and adaptability required to address complex, dynamic soil systems. We propose multi-agent AI systems—autonomous, interactive software agents capable of perceptual processing, planning, and scientific reasoning—as a novel framework to support and accelerate soil science research. These agents can fulfill diverse roles, including synthesizing data from field sensors and remote sensing to create dynamic digital soil twins, generating hypotheses, designing experiments, and simulating climate-driven changes in soil function. To illustrate this approach, we tasked a multi-agent system with creating research hypotheses on the topic of mineral-associated organic carbon saturation in soils. The agents generated five hypotheses on effective versus theoretical saturation thresholds, biological and chemical controls, climate influence, interdisciplinary feedback, and actionable management strategies. Each hypothesis was evaluated for empirical grounding, conceptual breadth, and scientific rigor by experts and a simulated peer review. Our findings highlight the potential of multi-agent AI systems, guided by human experts, to accelerate early-stage discovery, support interdisciplinary exploration, and emulate the scientific review process. Nonetheless, challenges remain, particularly around data quality, model transparency, epistemic overtrust, computational cost, ethical implications, and the retention of foundational scientific knowledge. We emphasize AI as an augmentative partner, not a replacement, for human-led discovery.]]></description>
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        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fsci.2026.1863571</guid>
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        <title><![CDATA[Rethinking discovery in soil science with artificial intelligence]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-05-21T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Frontiers in Science Editorial</category>
        <author>J. K. Ladha</author>
        <description></description>
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        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fsci.2026.1860463</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fsci.2026.1860463</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Artificial intelligence research agents in soil science: the continuing importance of domain expertise]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-05-21T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Frontiers in Science Viewpoint</category>
        <author>Madlene Nussbaum</author>
        <description></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fsci.2026.1783803</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fsci.2026.1783803</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Evolving surgical teams in the age of artificial intelligence and robotics]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-05-07T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Frontiers in Science Lead Article</category>
        <author>Alejandro Granados</author><author>Raghav Khanna</author><author>Nikola Fischer</author><author>Nicholas Raison</author><author>Margarita Ciabattini</author><author>Harry Robertshaw</author><author>Maxence Boels</author><author>Mohsan Malik</author><author>Veronica Granados</author><author>Tom Vercauteren</author><author>Jonathan Shapey</author><author>Thomas Booth</author><author>Asit Arora</author><author>Giorgio Gandaglia</author><author>Alberto Briganti</author><author>Francesco Montorsi</author><author>Christos Bergeles</author><author>Sebastien Ourselin</author><author>Prokar Dasgupta</author>
        <description><![CDATA[Surgery is a critical function of the healthcare system, key to addressing a substantial portion of the global disease burden. The integration of advanced artificial intelligence (AI) and robotics ecosystems into the operating room (OR) promises to radically transform surgery, with profound implications. This article analyzes the current state of surgical AI and robotic systems; presents a vision for their future, highlighting technological and research challenges and their associated impact on surgical teams; and discusses the ethical and regulatory implications. AI systems will use complex, multimodal data streams collected from patients, surgical teams, robots, and the OR environment to become increasingly capable of situational awareness, workflow recognition, performance benchmarking, causal inference, outcome prediction, and intraoperative decision-making to optimize surgical actions. Robotics will move from passive instrument-handling tools to autonomous systems with human-in-the-loop control, with embodied AI and enhanced sensor-based perception providing comprehensive spatial–temporal understanding, anticipatory behaviors, and adaptive learning. The surgeon’s role will shift toward supervision, coordination, and high-level decision-making, while nurses, assistants, and anesthesiologists will have additional competencies complemented by clinical data scientists and AI and robotic integration engineers. Ethical challenges will include liability and the implications of diluted authority chains, the potential for AI bias to exacerbate health inequalities, and the concentration of research and industry in resource-rich nations. New regulatory and compliance frameworks, trial methods, reporting standards, and training approaches will be needed to ensure the safety and effectiveness of these systems. Ultimately, AI and robotics should sustain, rather than disrupt, surgical practices by refining the skills of care providers to achieve true personalized surgery and propel procedural and technological advancements.]]></description>
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        <title><![CDATA[Redefining surgical expertise in the age of artificial intelligence]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-05-07T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Frontiers in Science Editorial</category>
        <author>Zorawar Singh</author><author>Louis Kavoussi</author>
        <description></description>
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        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fsci.2026.1838651</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fsci.2026.1838651</link>
        <title><![CDATA[An emerging artificial intelligence-enabled partnership between surgical teams and robotics to enhance patient care]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-05-07T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Frontiers in Science Viewpoint</category>
        <author>Russell H. Taylor</author>
        <description></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fsci.2026.1829185</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fsci.2026.1829185</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Nature Positive across scales: from global biodiversity goals to Earth system stability]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-04-09T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Frontiers in Science Editorial</category>
        <author>Andrew Gonzalez</author>
        <description></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fsci.2026.1609998</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fsci.2026.1609998</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Nature Positive: halting and reversing biodiversity loss toward restoring Earth system stability]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-04-09T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Frontiers in Science Lead Article</category>
        <author>Harvey Locke</author><author>Johan Rockström</author><author>Raina K. Plowright</author><author>Dan Laffoley</author><author>Leroy Little Bear</author><author>Carlos A. Peres</author><author>Fuwen Wei</author><author>Krithi K. Karanth</author><author>Lydia Zemke</author><author>Robyn Seetal</author><author>F. Richard Hauer</author>
        <description><![CDATA[Human activities are driving a global decline in biodiversity and are interfering with the natural processes essential for human well-being. Achieving climate and development goals is impossible without keeping nature intact. In this article, we establish the urgent need for a paradigm shift toward a “Nature Positive” (NP) future, where the health and resilience of the Earth system are recognized as the fundamental basis for human prosperity. This requires that humanity acts to halt and reverse the loss of nature by 2030. The Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework (GBF) provides a critical roadmap for this NP goal, and global policy increasingly recognizes that environmental targets can only be effective when integrated with global climate, ocean, and human development agreements. This requires a biodiversity conservation approach that accounts for both biotic and abiotic components of the Earth system. We assess the adequacy of GBF targets for stabilizing the Earth system and highlight key gaps. We employ the Three Global Conditions Framework (3Cs), which categorizes landscapes by human impact levels as a practical method for guiding appropriate NP actions, and we extend its application to the marine realm. We outline specific actions and metrics for patterns and processes across all scales needed to achieve biodiversity conservation in synergy with climate stabilization and securing freshwater systems. Our findings emphasize that preventing the loss of intact biomes, ecosystems, and species assemblages is the most critical strategy while acknowledging the urgency of extinction prevention and the need for restoration. Additionally, we highlight the importance of incorporating Indigenous and local knowledge systems alongside scientific methods to achieve effective and equitable conservation outcomes. Finally, we discuss the need for economic transformation and the private sector’s role in fostering an NP future.]]></description>
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        <title><![CDATA[From biodiversity and ecosystem services assessments to a Nature Positive future: lessons from global and national science-policy efforts]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-04-09T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Frontiers in Science Viewpoint</category>
        <author>Carlos Alfredo Joly</author>
        <description></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fsci.2026.1808328</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fsci.2026.1808328</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Advancing microbial electrochemical technologies for the circular economy, energy resilience, and environmental sustainability]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-03-18T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Frontiers in Science Viewpoint</category>
        <author>Veera Gnaneswar Gude</author>
        <description></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fsci.2026.1720772</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fsci.2026.1720772</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Balancing food safety and sustainability: trade-off risk assessments and predictive modeling]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-03-17T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Frontiers in Science Lead Article</category>
        <author>Martin Wiedmann</author><author>Sriya Sunil</author><author>Andrea I. Moreno-Switt</author><author>Kitiya Vongkamjan</author><author>Sophia Johler</author>
        <description><![CDATA[The importance of food safety to public health is reflected in its inclusion in the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)—SDG 2 (Zero Hunger), SDG 3 (Good Health and Well-being), and SDG 12 (Responsible Consumption and Production)—and the World Health Organization’s food safety strategy. Its inclusion across multiple areas underscores how food safety is not an isolated objective but is closely tied to broader public health and sustainability goals. While the public often expects food to be “absolutely” safe, experts recognize that all foods carry a residual risk of causing foodborne illness and that zero risk is neither achievable nor desirable. Advances in diagnostics and surveillance systems (e.g., increases in test sensitivity and specificity) have increased the frequency of hazard detection in foods, including detection of hazards at levels that may pose minimal public health risks. However, efforts to manage these negligible risks can divert attention from more significant threats and may introduce unintended consequences that outweigh the intended benefits. To address this, holistic approaches and trade-off risk assessments are needed, accounting for the interrelationship between the health of humans, animals, and the environment (i.e., One Health) and evaluating both the costs and benefits of food safety measures, including direct expenses, externalities, social or legal constraints, and consumer preferences. Key tools enabling these risk assessments include Monte Carlo simulations and other modeling tools that are also being adopted for food safety applications, such as geographic information system models, agent-based models, and artificial intelligence (AI)-based predictive tools. These efforts can help define quantitative food safety goals that ensure appropriate, but not absolute, safety, so long as implemented controls are validated and verified. Technological advances, such as AI-enabled risk negotiation, offer new opportunities to integrate trade-offs in risk analysis and support more balanced, effective food safety strategies.]]></description>
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        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fsci.2026.1822369</guid>
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        <title><![CDATA[Beyond the zero-risk illusion: negotiating food safety in a One Health era]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-03-17T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Frontiers in Science Editorial</category>
        <author>Ana Allende</author><author>Sara Bover-Cid</author>
        <description></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fsci.2026.1813401</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fsci.2026.1813401</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Toward the next generation of quantitative microbial risk assessment]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-03-17T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Frontiers in Science Viewpoint</category>
        <author>Lee-Ann Jaykus</author>
        <description></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fsci.2026.1810081</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fsci.2026.1810081</link>
        <title><![CDATA[From wastewater treatment to value recovery: the promise of microbial electrochemical technologies]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-02-24T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Frontiers in Science Editorial</category>
        <author>Bruce E. Rittmann</author><author>César I. Torres</author>
        <description></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fsci.2026.1688727</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fsci.2026.1688727</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Waste to value: microbial electrochemical technologies for sustainable water, material, and energy cycles]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-02-24T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Frontiers in Science Lead Article</category>
        <author>Uwe Schröder</author><author>Falk Harnisch</author><author>Elizabeth Heidrich</author><author>Ioannis A. Ieropoulos</author><author>Bruce E. Logan</author><author>Dibyojyoty Nath</author><author>Deepak Pant</author><author>Sunil A. Patil</author><author>Sebastia Puig</author><author>Jason Ren</author><author>Ruggero Rossi</author><author>Amelia-Elena Rotaru</author><author>Annemiek ter Heijne</author>
        <description><![CDATA[Global wastewater production exceeds 359 billion m3 annually, of which only 52% is treated, mostly in expensive and resource-consuming processes. Microbial electrochemical technologies (METs) offer a transformative approach to sustainable wastewater management by converting waste into valuable resources such as energy, clean water, and nutrients. They present a viable solution to the United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goal 6 (to ensure access to water and sanitation for all) by enhancing both sanitation and resource recovery. METs, including microbial fuel cells (MFCs) and microbial electrolysis cells (MECs), harness electrogenic microorganisms to oxidize organic matter, generating electric energy or producing energy carriers like hydrogen and methane. METs also enable recovery of nutrients, such as ammonium and phosphates, which are essential for agriculture, thereby closing resource loops in a circular economy. Despite their potential, challenges remain in scaling up METs for widespread application. Pilot-scale MFCs and MECs have demonstrated feasibility, achieving up to 90% chemical oxygen demand removal and producing electric power, methane, or hydrogen from wastewater. However, high capital costs, material limitations, and energy efficiency barriers hinder commercialization. Innovations in electrode design, modular configurations, and integration with existing wastewater treatment processes (e.g., anaerobic digestion, membrane bioreactors, or constructed wetlands) are advancing METs toward higher technology readiness levels (TRLs 4–8). Field applications, like a system for urine-based electricity generation in underserved regions, highlight METs adaptability and societal impact. The transition from laboratory to real-world implementation requires scaling, process integration, and further optimization to reduce costs and improve performance. By aligning with circular economy principles, METs can transform wastewater into a resource, contributing to energy security, environmental sustainability, and global sanitation goals. Future research should focus on scalable designs, economic viability, and interdisciplinary collaboration alongside understanding and optimizing the microbial “black box” to enable METs to transform previously unused wastewater streams into valuable resources with targeted applications.]]></description>
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        <title><![CDATA[What can we do about the coincidence of runaway obesity and climate change?]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-02-03T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Frontiers in Science Editorial</category>
        <author>Tim Lang</author>
        <description></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fsci.2025.1721629</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fsci.2025.1721629</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Climate change and microplastic pollution in aquatic ecosystems: ecological and societal consequences]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-01-14T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Frontiers in Science Viewpoint</category>
        <author>Mário Barletta</author>
        <description></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fsci.2025.1760857</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fsci.2025.1760857</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Co-crises with complex causes: why obesity and climate change demand more than dietary prescriptions]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-01-12T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Frontiers in Science Viewpoint</category>
        <author>Raedeh Basiri</author><author>Lawrence J. Cheskin</author>
        <description></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fsci.2025.1748881</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fsci.2025.1748881</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Plastic pollution, climate change, and essential transparency]]></title>
        <pubdate>2025-12-19T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Frontiers in Science Viewpoint</category>
        <author>Daniel Rittschof</author>
        <description></description>
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        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fsci.2025.1760878</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fsci.2025.1760878</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Food systems determine obesity and climate change]]></title>
        <pubdate>2025-12-18T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Frontiers in Science Editorial</category>
        <author>Sydney Pryor</author><author>William H. Dietz</author>
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