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        <title>Frontiers in Forests and Global Change | New and Recent Articles</title>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/forests-and-global-change</link>
        <description>RSS Feed for Frontiers in Forests and Global Change | New and Recent Articles</description>
        <language>en-us</language>
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        <pubDate>2026-05-24T17:18:34.72+00:00</pubDate>
        <ttl>60</ttl>
        <item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/ffgc.2026.1770765</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/ffgc.2026.1770765</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Determinants community involvement in a forest carbon sequestration initiative: a study case in Indonesia]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-05-21T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Novelia Triana</author><author>Takahiro Ota</author><author>Sunhee Suk</author>
        <description><![CDATA[Community involvement is a crucial component of climate mitigation strategy at the local level. This study investigates the determinants of community participation in forest carbon sequestration initiatives, focusing on how program characteristics and perceived co-benefits shape local attitudes and engagement. Using a sample of 231 households surrounding a forest concession area, the research employs a multi-method approach including Multiple Linear Regression, Ordinal Logistic Regression, and PLS-SEM. The results reveal significant influences of 19 identified co-benefits and program characteristics toward willingness to participate, even among non-participants. Notably, support capacity building and environmental education and awareness as significant predictor toward intention to participate. The ordinal regression model demonstrates that program characteristics program characteristics significantly influenced community evaluations, with desirability and open communication showing consistent positive effects. Moreover, using SEM analysis, program management and design are the primary drivers of positive attitudes and long-term willingness to engage, whereas material rewards alone were found insufficient to shift fundamental perceptions. The findings suggest that the longevity of nature-based solutions depends on prioritizing procedural justice and capacity building over simple incentive structures to align climate mitigation goals with community resilience.]]></description>
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        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/ffgc.2026.1823185</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/ffgc.2026.1823185</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Perceived health benefits and health-driven visitation intentions in tropical forests: applying the Health Belief Model to ecotourism behavior]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-05-21T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Peng Weiwei</author><author>Sahar Erfanian</author><author>Quo Qing</author>
        <description><![CDATA[IntroductionTropical forests under increasing pressure from land-use change, tourism expansion, and climate stress require management strategies that simultaneously support conservation objectives and sustain human-nature interactions. While ecosystem service research has extensively documented the ecological and health functions of tropical forests, limited attention has been given to how visitors cognitively perceive these functions and how such perceptions shape ecotourists’ health-driven visitation intentions.MethodsAddressing this gap, this study applies the Health Belief Model (HBM) to examine how health risk appraisal, motivational evaluations, perceived barriers, and self-efficacy influence ecotourists’ perceived health benefits and their health-driven intention to visit tropical forest environments. Survey data were collected from 650 adult visitors to tropical forest destinations in Hainan Province, China, and analyzed using structural equation modeling.ResultsThe results show that perceived susceptibility and perceived severity significantly enhance perceived health benefits, while perceived benefits exert the strongest positive influence and perceived barriers have a significant negative effect. Perceived health benefits and self-efficacy emerge as the primary predictors of visitation intention, with cues to action providing additional activation. The model explains 42.4% of the variance in perceived health benefits and 49.0% of the variance in intention to visit forests.DiscussionBy conceptualizing perceived health benefits as a distinct cognitive mechanism, this study extends the application of HBM to tropical forest contexts characterized by conservation pressures. The findings highlight the importance of integrating health-oriented perceptions into forest management and ecotourism strategies, so that maintaining and promoting health-motivated visitation can indirectly strengthen conservation support while sustaining human well-being in vulnerable tropical forest systems.]]></description>
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        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/ffgc.2026.1839862</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/ffgc.2026.1839862</link>
        <title><![CDATA[The nitrogen acquisition strategy of Picea asperata seedlings depended on their symbiotic ectomycorrhizal fungi community]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-05-19T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>LinHong Luo</author><author>XiangJun Pei</author><author>Xin Luo</author><author>YouBang Hu</author><author>Lin Luo</author><author>Na Tang</author><author>YongHui Du</author><author>Chunzhang Zhao</author>
        <description><![CDATA[IntroductionEctomycorrhizal symbiosis is pivotal for plant nutrient acquisition in subalpine ecosystems, but the mechanism of ectomycorrhizal fungal (EMF) communities regulating nitrogen (N) uptake in woody plants remains limited.MethodsWe investigated the effects of EMF communities sourced from a N-rich natural forest and a N-poor plantation on N uptake and growth of Picea asperata seedlings through a controlled inoculation experiment.ResultsSeedlings colonized by natural forest EMF exhibited 58% higher total biomass than controls, owing to accelerated fungal colonization, optimized root architecture, a 94% increase in root ammonium influx rates, and a 75% higher glutamine synthetase activity. In contrast, seedlings colonized by plantation EMF exhibited a 49% increase in biomass, primarily via regulating soil microbial enzymatic activities and community-level physiological profiles, thereby sustaining soil N availability.DiscussionThese findings reveal that EMF communities originating from N-rich soil tended to enhance the nutrient uptake capacity of host plants, while EMF communities from N-poor soil preferred to improve soil nutrient availability, regardless of the current soil nutrient status. This adaptive specialization underscores the importance of tailoring EMF inoculants to native soil conditions to enhance restoration efficacy in degraded subalpine forests.]]></description>
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        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/ffgc.2026.1824795</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/ffgc.2026.1824795</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Sentinel soil-plant continuum: how public gardens can advance early detection and monitoring of invasive jumping worms]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-05-18T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Perspective</category>
        <author>Erin Buchholz</author><author>Nate Lund</author><author>Lee Frelich</author><author>Kyungsoo Yoo</author>
        <description><![CDATA[Over the last decade, researchers have demonstrated that invasive earthworms significantly re-engineer surface soil conditions. Following the invasion of European earthworms, the recent expansion of Asian jumping worms has alarmed land managers and gardeners, as they are known to create loose granular aggregates, alter seasonal soil coverage of the forest floor by litter, and affect soil temperature. Because their primary introduction agents are mulch and container-grown ornamental plants, it is not surprising that much of the jumping worm invasion research has been conducted in botanical gardens and arboreta, and the forests adjacent to horticultural activities. However, predicting the future expansion of jumping worms into native forests and their ecosystem-level impacts is challenging. We argue, based on published and unpublished data, that the intense public interest in jumping worms provides a unique opportunity to expand the current sentinel plant network to include soils. Adoption of a soil-plant continuum as a sentinel system, we argue, will allow for improvements in the early detection and monitoring of plant health against pests and climate change. To support this position, we will build on published research on jumping worm impacts on soil-plant relationships. Current reporting and monitoring systems for invasive plants, insect pests, and pathogens already exist within botanic gardens and arboreta networks, and while focused on plant symptoms, they can be modified to include soil data.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/ffgc.2026.1702966</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/ffgc.2026.1702966</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Past legacies and future trajectories: climatic refugia, range shifts, and conservation gaps for the endangered Oglethorpe oak (Quercus oglethorpensis)]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-05-15T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Suresh C. Subedi</author><author>Binaya Adhikari</author><author>Naja Rover</author><author>Shivish Bhandari</author>
        <description><![CDATA[IntroductionThe endangered Quercus oglethorpensis is a narrowly distributed tree species endemic to the southeastern United States, persisting in fragmented, poorly drained hardwood forests. Reconstructing climatic suitability across past, present, and future periods provides insight into how long-term climatic legacies and ongoing warming constrain its range dynamics.MethodsWe modeled climatic suitability during the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM), Mid-Holocene (MH), present, and a projected future period (2071–2100, SSP3-7.0) using species distribution models parameterized with bioclimatic variables.ResultsResults indicate a restricted Gulf Coast refugium during the LGM, with a secondary extension into the southern Appalachian foothills, followed by northward expansion into the interior Southeast during the MH. Present-day suitability is highly fragmented, and future projections suggest a pronounced northeastward shift toward the Piedmont and Appalachian regions, with an estimated centroid displacement of ∼672 km from the LGM to the projected future. Although total climatically suitable area is projected to decline modestly (∼5%), the representation of suitable habitat within protected areas declines disproportionately (∼64%), from 0.9% of the current suitable range to 0.3% under future conditions. Multi-period overlap analysis identifies only a single persistent refugium (2.83 km2), underscoring the rarity of long-term climatic stability.DiscussionThese findings demonstrate how Quaternary climate dynamics and ongoing warming interact to drive range shifts and fragmentation, exposing substantial conservation gaps. Effective conservation of Q. oglethorpensis will require integrating in situ protection of remnant populations with ex situ conservation, connectivity planning, and adaptive forest management under future climate change.]]></description>
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        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/ffgc.2026.1815758</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/ffgc.2026.1815758</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Enhanced productivity in mixed stands of Norway spruce, Scots pine, and silver birch in Lithuania]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-05-15T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Benas Šilinskas</author><author>Edgaras Linkevičius</author><author>Lina Beniušienė</author><author>Marius Aleinikovas</author><author>Julija Konstantinavičienė</author><author>Raimundas Vikšniauskas</author>
        <description><![CDATA[Mixed-species forests are increasingly promoted in Europe due to their potential to enhance productivity, resilience, and ecosystem functioning compared with pure stands. However, empirical evidence quantifying productivity differences among common boreal and hemiboreal species mixtures under Lithuanian conditions remains limited. This study evaluated stand volume in pure and mixed stands of three dominant tree species in Lithuania—Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.), Norway spruce [Picea abies (L.) H. Karst.], and silver birch (Betula pendula Roth). Nine study plots representing pure stands and 70:30 mixed-species stands were selected from forest inventory data on infertile light soils (Nbl), with stand ages ranging from 45 to 50 years. Within each plot, diameter at breast height, tree height, crown width, competition index, and stand volume were measured for a total of 809 trees. Statistical differences among stands were assessed using analysis of variance (ANOVA), followed by Duncan’s multiple range test. Results indicate that mixed stands generally improved tree growth and stand volume compared with pure stands. Stand volume was consistently higher in mixed stands across all species combinations. The most pronounced effect was observed in pine–spruce mixtures, where stand volume exceeded that of pure pine stands by 85%. Admixtures of spruce or pine increased stand volume in birch-dominated stands by 28%–30%, while the admixture of pine in spruce stands increased stand volume by 29%. Although these differences may be influenced by site conditions, stand structure, and the limited number of plots. The highest mean diameter and height values were observed in pine–spruce mixtures, where Scots pine exhibited up to 36% greater diameter at breast height (DBH) and 16% greater tree height than in pure pine stands. Birch growth also benefited from species mixtures, particularly in pine–birch stands, where DBH increased by up to 32% compared with pure birch stands. The findings suggest that species mixing may enhance stand volume under Lithuanian conditions, particularly in pine–spruce mixtures. However, management strategies should consider site conditions, stand structure, and production objectives. This study provides empirical evidence supporting the expansion of mixed-species forestry in Lithuania and highlights the need for further long-term research based on larger datasets.]]></description>
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        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/ffgc.2026.1799431</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/ffgc.2026.1799431</link>
        <title><![CDATA[A dataset on regeneration dynamics in cork oak (Quercus suber L.) stands]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-05-15T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Data Report</category>
        <author>Angelo Fierravanti</author><author>Teresa Fonseca</author>
        <description></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/ffgc.2026.1820808</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/ffgc.2026.1820808</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Funding options for climate change adaptation in forestry: a five-country expert survey in Southern Africa]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-05-14T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Andreas Nikodemus</author><author>Miroslav Hájek</author><author>Rosemary Shikangalah</author><author>Ratna Chrismiari Purwestri</author><author>Diana Carolina Huertas Bernal</author><author>Nia Novita Wirawan</author><author>Albertina Ndeinoma</author><author>Penelao Nangolo</author>
        <description><![CDATA[Climate change has a significant impact on forest ecosystems worldwide. In southern Africa, climate change is a critical concern for forest ecosystems due to climate variability and extremes, including droughts and floods, which in some cases have had severe economic and social implications. Other contributing factors to the region’s vulnerability to climate change impacts include poor socioeconomic conditions, increased reliance on natural resources, primarily forests, and an inability to implement adaptive measures effectively. Most countries in the region prioritize climate change adaptation actions in forest management practices. We conducted a five-country, expert-elicited baseline of who funds what in forestry adaptation, disaggregated by funding source, forest ownership class, ecosystem service, adaptation action type, and perceived requirements/monitoring. We employed a hybrid method, combining online interviews and an online survey targeting forestry experts in the region. The study collected survey responses from 42 forestry experts and conducted seven interviews with forestry experts across the selected countries: Namibia, Botswana, South Africa, Tanzania, and Zambia. Our results revealed that community forests were the highly prioritized category of forest ownership funding for climate change adaptation actions. The primary sources of funds were international donors and government subsidies. Sustainable forest management, biodiversity conservation and combating deforestation were the most prioritized adaptation actions. Although most countries prioritize climate change adaptation in forest management practices, the region needs sustainable funding sources to support these efforts. Forestry experts also proposed establishing collective funding sources for regional adaptation activities. Our results suggest donor- and subsidy-heavy portfolios; protected forests and watershed services receive comparatively less attention, indicating coordination and targeting gaps. Our study recommends future research on the appropriate allocation of climate change adaptation funds, their sustainable utilization, and the effects of insufficient funds on forest ecosystem services at the regional level.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/ffgc.2026.1811525</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/ffgc.2026.1811525</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Dynamics of combustibility and chemical composition of litter in Platycladus orientalis stands]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-05-14T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Jiacheng Zhang</author><author>Xingjian Dun</author><author>Wei Cheng</author><author>Wentai Zhao</author><author>Yusong Hou</author><author>Jiangbao Xia</author><author>Shimei Li</author>
        <description><![CDATA[As a primary constituent of forest surface fuel, the chemical properties of forest litter directly affect the occurrence and spread of forest fires. However, the intrinsic quantitative relationships between the chemical composition of litter and key combustibility indicators remain poorly understood. To elucidate these relationships, a 3-year in situ monitoring study was conducted on Platycladus orientalis litter in Shandong Province, China. The dynamics of gross calorific value (GCV), ignition point (IP), ash content (AC), lignin content, and cellulose content were analyzed. The results indicated that the IP gradually increased over time, stabilizing at approximately 270°C by the third year. In contrast, the GCV exhibited a continuous downward trend, reaching a minimum of 14.8 kJ/g (78.9% of the initial value). Concurrently, cellulose content displayed a fluctuating downward trend, whereas AC and lignin contents accumulated significantly, with lignin increasing from an initial 33.7% to peak at 58.8%. The dynamic variations in chemical components—specifically cellulose degradation, lignin enrichment, and ash accumulation—indicate a progressive enhancement of the litter’s chemical inertness and fire resistance. The findings of this study contributed to a more nuanced comprehension of the multifaceted interactions in the litter decomposition process, forest fire risk management and ecosystem carbon cycle research.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/ffgc.2026.1844787</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/ffgc.2026.1844787</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Seasonal performance in basal area estimation: a comparative study of a smartphone LiDAR application and a professional personal laser scanning]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-05-13T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Jenny Magaly Morocho Toaza</author><author>Stelian Alexandru Borz</author>
        <description><![CDATA[The digital transformation of forest inventories requires the validation of consumer-grade LiDAR technologies under varying environmental and phenological conditions. This study evaluates the seasonal performance and operational efficiency of stand-level basal area (BA) estimation obtained using the TreeScanner smartphone LiDAR application, compared with a professional personal laser scanning (PLS) system, FJD Trion P1. Data were collected in 50 circular plots (300 m2) located in heterogeneous mountain forests near Brașov, Romania, characterized by complex terrain (slopes 8°–42°) and mixed species stands aged 45–170 years. A longitudinal repeated-measures design was implemented across four phenological stages: winter (WI), spring (SP), summer (SU), and autumn (AU). Inter-platform agreement was evaluated using bias, mean absolute error (MAE), root mean square error (RMSE), and Bland–Altman analysis, while statistical parity between platforms was assessed through paired t-tests. Operational efficiency was examined by comparing acquisition times between systems. Results showed that phenological conditions strongly influenced measurement agreement. The highest accuracy was obtained in WI (RMSE = 0.093 m2; Bias = −0.059 m2), whereas SP showed the lowest agreement (RMSE = 0.391 m2; Bias = −0.184 m2), likely due to increased vegetation occlusion during leaf emergence. AU was the only season in which no significant differences between platforms were detected (p = 0.093). In terms of operational performance, TreeScanner maintained a relatively stable acquisition rate across seasons (around 16 s per tree; p > 0.05). In contrast, the professional scanner exhibited significant seasonal variation (p < 0.05). These results suggest that smartphone-based LiDAR can produce reliable stand-level BA estimates while significantly improving overall efficiency.]]></description>
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        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/ffgc.2026.1809572</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/ffgc.2026.1809572</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Multi-index analysis for wildfire severity and vegetation dieback assessment in semi-arid forest ecosystems]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-05-13T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Oussama Meghithi</author><author>Aliat Toufik</author><author>Afnan Abdullah Alturki</author><author>Nazih Y. Rebouh</author><author>Erkin Kholiyarov</author><author>Mirjalol Ismoilov</author><author>Sobhi Abdelhameed Abdeljawad</author><author>Youssef M. Youssef</author><author>Mohamed S. Shokr</author>
        <description><![CDATA[Wildfires are among the most serious disturbances affecting semi-arid Mediterranean forest ecosystems, where abrupt fire-induced damage may coexist with gradual vegetation dieback driven by drought, soil degradation, and other environmental stressors. This study assessed wildfire impacts and vegetation decline in the Ouled Yagoub State Forest (Khenchela Province, northeastern Algeria) using a multi-index remote sensing approach. Cloud-free Landsat 8 OLI and Sentinel-2 images acquired between 2019 and 2022 were processed in Google Earth Engine to analyze vegetation dynamics before, during, and after the major 2021 wildfire event. Ten spectral indices related to greenness, burn severity, canopy water status, pigment stress, and soil background effects were derived and interpreted within three complementary themes: vegetation dynamics, burned-area severity, and forest dieback. The results showed that, according to the NDVI-based classification, 38.04% of the massif fell within high to very high wildfire-risk classes, 40.62% within the moderate class, and 20.33% within low to very low classes. Burn severity analysis based on dNBR for 2020–2021 indicated that 30.98% of the study area was affected by high to very high severity, 42.74% by moderate severity, and 26.28% by low to very low severity. The 2021–2022 dNBR comparison further showed that 75.23% of the area remained within high to very high disturbance classes, whereas only 3.01% fell into low to very low classes, confirming limited short-term recovery after the fire. NBR and dNBR were the most effective indices for delineating burned areas and severity gradients, while SAVI, MSAVI, and OSAVI improved the identification of vegetation loss and soil exposure in sparsely vegetated zones. In contrast, GNDVI, SIPI, and NDWI provided useful information on gradual physiological stress and dieback beyond the most severely burned sectors. Overall, the combined use of fire-sensitive, soil-adjusted, and stress-related indices provided a more robust interpretation of post-disturbance forest dynamics than any single index alone, offering a practical tool for post-fire assessment, ecological monitoring, and restoration planning in semi-arid Mediterranean forests.]]></description>
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        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/ffgc.2026.1809414</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/ffgc.2026.1809414</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Middle-spotted Woodpecker in beech-dominated mountain forests are reliant on dead wood: effects of habitat structural, compositional quality, and snags]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-05-13T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Dan Traian Ionescu</author><author>Călin Vasile Hodor</author><author>Ion Cătălin Petrițan</author><author>Darius Hardalau</author><author>Daniel Iordache</author><author>Oana Viorica Danci</author>
        <description><![CDATA[The Middle-spotted Woodpecker is an indicator of structurally complex deciduous forests, typically associated with mature oak stands but occasionally found in beech dominated forests, including at elevations exceeding 1,000 m. Although standing dead wood is often used for nesting and foraging, its necessity for the species’ occurrence remains debated. This study examined the relationship between D. medius presence and standing dead wood characteristics in beech-dominated low-mountain forests of the Perșani Mountains, central Romania. Standardized national woodpecker monitoring protocols were applied at 25 fixed points. Standing dead wood variables (density, diameter at breast height (DBH), height, volume, and basal area) were measured across three habitat categories: all forest types, mature and old stands (> 70 years), and stands containing at least 10% oak. Snag density did not differ significantly between plots with and without Middle-spotted Woodpecker, yet occupied plots contained taller and thicker snags, with predicted occurrence probabilities highest at DBH > 60 cm and height > 25 m. No significant differences were found for basal area or volume. In predominantly beech stands, the species’ presence appeared to be influenced by the availability of standing dead wood and the presence of rough-barked species. These findings confirm the species’ strong association with mature deciduous forests, particularly where oak is present. The increasing probability of occurrence with higher oak proportions in standing dead wood underscores the ecological importance of conserving large, old trees and mixed forest structures for Middle-spotted Woodpecker persistence.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/ffgc.2026.1805175</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/ffgc.2026.1805175</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Coast redwood planted outside its range outperforms the native Douglas-fir beneath an overstory of varying density]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-05-12T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Garrett B. Leonard</author><author>Christa M. Dagley</author><author>John-Pascal Berrill</author>
        <description><![CDATA[Restoration of conifer dominance and structural complexity in second-growth forests of northern California is a key management objective following historic logging and fire exclusion. We evaluated the performance of coast redwood (Sequoia sempervirens) and coast Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii var. menziesii) nursery stock 8 years after planting following a retention harvest designed to enhance fine-scale heterogeneity in the spatial pattern of overstory tree retention. The study was conducted just outside redwood’s range in Humboldt County, north coastal California. Redwood exhibited higher survivorship over 8 years since planting, and had the same average height as Douglas-fir after 8 years, growing more rapidly and catching up in height over the last 2 years. Douglas-fir mortality was greater in areas of higher overstory retention. Canopy openness and soil relative water content were the strongest predictors of height and recent height increment. These early findings indicate that redwood can establish and perform competitively outside its natural range under the retention system, supporting potential expansion of its use in timber production and for other objectives such as wildfire resilience, carbon sequestration, structural complexity, and biodiversity enhancement. Continued monitoring will be essential to determine how varying retention levels and soil moisture dynamics influence the long-term development of planted conifers under a spatially-heterogeneous canopy.]]></description>
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        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/ffgc.2026.1782331</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/ffgc.2026.1782331</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Foliar infrared spectra track nematode density and symptom-specific phytobiome signatures in beech leaf disease]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-05-08T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Andrew Miles</author><author>Eliana Torres-Bedoya</author><author>Anna O. Conrad</author><author>Pierluigi Bonello</author>
        <description><![CDATA[Beech leaf disease (BLD), caused by the nematode Litylenchus crenatae ssp. mccannii (LC), poses a severe threat to American beech (Fagus grandifolia) across eastern North America. The disease causes wholesale anatomical, morphological, and physiological alterations, including symptoms such as leaf banding and bud abortion; the latter eventually leads to beech mortality, especially of younger trees. This outcome severely affects regeneration and diminishes the important ecosystem services provided by this keystone species. To advance our understanding of the disease, we hypothesized that significant links exist among LC abundance, foliar phytobiome dysbiosis, and phytochemical alterations detectable via NIR reflectance spectroscopy. To test this hypothesis, we applied molecular diagnostics to quantify LC in the tissues, bacterial and fungal foliar microbial community profiling, and NIR reflectance spectroscopy to characterize three distinct tissue phenotypes in BLD-infected trees: (1) asymptomatic tissues of asymptomatic leaves (AA); (2) asymptomatic tissues of symptomatic leaves (AS); and (3) symptomatic (galled) tissues of symptomatic leaves (GS). Overall, the three tissue types differed significantly in LC load (AA < AS < GS). Furthermore, NIR spectral profiles differed consistently among tissue types, with distinct wavelength regions associated with water and structural chemistry driving the separation. Machine learning and multivariate models of NIR spectra predicted both LC abundance and bacterial community composition by tissue type, enabling possible discrimination of dysbiotic foliar phytobiomes, with moderately high accuracy, but not so for fungal community composition. Bacterial taxa such as Pseudomonas, Wolbachia, Luteibacter, and Pedobacter were significantly associated with LC infection. Taken together, these results validate our hypothesis. This study establishes NIR technology as a platform for LC quantification and, more broadly, as a tool for assessing bacterial dysbiosis in plant systems.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/ffgc.2026.1842027</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/ffgc.2026.1842027</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Quantifying vegetation effects on landslide hazard using a physically based model: implications for catchment-scale prioritization and management]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-05-08T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Dongyeob Kim</author>
        <description><![CDATA[Vegetation plays a critical role in slope stability, yet its effects on landslide hazard remain difficult to quantify at spatial scales relevant to management. This study evaluated the influence of vegetation-induced root cohesion on shallow landslide hazard and developed a catchment-scale prioritization framework for landslide risk management in Chunyang-myeon, Bonghwa-gun, the Republic of Korea, using the physically based revised TRIGRS model. To represent uncertainty in soil depth and isolate the mechanical contribution of vegetation, 18 simulation scenarios were constructed by combining three uniform soil-depth scenarios (1, 2, and 3 m) with six root cohesion scenarios (0, 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 kPa). Model outputs were classified into four hazard classes (D = 1, D = 2, D = 3, and D > 3) based on the minimum soil-depth condition required for instability. Under the baseline scenario (Cr = 0 kPa), the two highest hazard classes, D = 1 and D = 2, occupied 33.1 and 31.8% of the study area, respectively. Comparison with the 2008 landslide inventory showed that 94.2% of observed landslides were located within these two classes, indicating strong spatial consistency between modeled hazard patterns and historical landslide occurrence. Increasing root cohesion substantially reduced high-hazard areas: the D = 1 class decreased by approximately 89% at Cr = 2 kPa and was nearly eliminated at Cr ≥ 3 kPa. Critical root cohesion analysis further showed that 96.3% of the study area could be downgraded from the highest hazard class at Cr ≤ 2 kPa, whereas 52.8% did not reach the stable class (D > 3) even at Cr = 5 kPa. Catchment-scale prioritization across 745 forest catchments revealed a pronounced trade-off between the effectiveness of vegetation-based mitigation and the need for structural intervention (r = −0.740, p < 0.001). These findings indicate that vegetation reinforcement can effectively reduce severe landslide hazard across much of the study area, while structural measures remain necessary in selected catchments. The proposed framework provides a practical basis for integrating forest management and structural mitigation in regional landslide risk reduction planning.]]></description>
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        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/ffgc.2026.1738900</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/ffgc.2026.1738900</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Variations in the temperature response of photosynthesis among nine common tree species planted in Singapore]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-05-07T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Li Ming Rachel Teo</author><author>Liyao Yu</author><author>Xiangzhong Luo</author>
        <description><![CDATA[Tree planting is regarded as one of the most cost-effective ways to mitigate climate change impacts. As part of the global tree planting movement, the tropical city-state of Singapore initiated a project to plant one million trees in 10 years. However, the environmental impacts (e.g., carbon sequestration, urban cooling) of this tree planting effort are challenging to assess, as historically, we lack an understanding of key plant traits (i.e., photosynthetic capacity, or Vcmax) for species in tropical Asia. Here, a survey was conducted to assess key photosynthetic traits of the nine most popular tree species planted in Singapore and their short-term temperature response. We found a threefold interspecific variation in their photosynthetic capacities (e.g., Vcmax ranges from 20 to 60 μmol m–2 s–1) as well as a large discrepancy in their temperature response. Photosynthesis in some species (e.g., Cyrtophyllum fragrans and Terminalia catappa) is more sensitive to rising temperature than others (e.g., Rhizophora apiculata and Barringtonia asiatica), while a commonly used photosynthesis model consistently overestimates photosynthesis but underestimates many species’ temperature sensitivities. Species with lower temperature sensitivity of photosynthesis are likely to have a stronger ability to adjust leaf temperature. This study provides critical information on the temperature response of photosynthesis of tree species in tropical Asia, which can be used to guide tree planting in Singapore and broadly in Southeast Asia.]]></description>
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        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/ffgc.2026.1813461</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/ffgc.2026.1813461</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Hidden threat: reciprocal international sentinel tree plantings reveal high frequencies of cryptic foliar fungal pathogens]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-05-05T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Isabel Alvarez Munck</author><author>Eliana Torres-Bedoya</author><author>Lin Chang</author><author>Marc DiGirolomo</author><author>Duccio Migliorini</author><author>Francesco Pecori</author><author>Alessia L. Pepori</author><author>Rebekka Schloesser</author><author>Patrick Sherwood</author><author>Michelle Cleary</author><author>Alberto Santini</author><author>Hui Sun</author><author>Pierluigi (Enrico) Bonello</author>
        <description><![CDATA[To improve early detection of invasive tree pathogens, foliar putative pathogenic fungal communities in reciprocal ex patria sentinel plantings across three continents were examined. Geographic location and tree species were the strongest predictors of fungal community structure, while leaf symptom status had minimal influence—thousands of potential pathogens were detected in asymptomatic plants. Some putative pathogens were even more abundant in asymptomatic than in symptomatic leaf samples (e.g., Fusarium equiseti, Verticillium dahliae, Taphrina spp.) underscoring the prevalence of latent, epiphytic, or transient colonization and the limitations of symptom-based inspections at ports of entry. Seasonality significantly structured pathogen assemblages, with distinct communities observed between early and late-season sampling. High Throughput Sequencing (HTS) greatly expanded pathogen detection compared to classical, isolation-based methods, revealing numerous unculturable fungi and previously unknown potential host-pathogen associations. Based on these findings, we recommend: (i) the involvement and active participation of National Plant Protection Organizations (NPPO) to translate sentinel outputs into harmonized phytosanitary action; (ii) securing long-term infrastructure and site commitments commensurate with tree lifespans; (iii) maximizing geographic and host diversity across networks; (iv) implementing multi-season sampling; and (v) integrating HTS with classical diagnostics on the same samples. Embedding these practices within sustained sentinel planting networks will enhance early warning capacity for tree pathogens and support global plant biosecurity.]]></description>
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        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/ffgc.2026.1777333</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/ffgc.2026.1777333</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Allometric relationships between total height and diameter for volume estimation of bottomland hardwood oaks in Arkansas]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-04-29T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Satish Bhatt</author><author>Nana Tian</author><author>Yuhui Weng</author><author>Douglas Osborne</author><author>Jianbang Gan</author>
        <description><![CDATA[Bottomland hardwood (BLH) forests are a unique ecosystem that plays an important role in the provision of ecosystem services, both ecologically and economically. This study modeled allometric relationships between total tree height and diameter at breast height (DBH) for seven oak species (Quercus spp.), including overcup (Quercus lyrata), cherry bark (Quercus pagoda), Nuttall (Quercus texana), Shumard (Quercus shumardii), water (Quercus nigra), willow (Quercus phellos), and post oaks (Quercus stellata) that prevail in BLH forests in the Lower Mississippi Alluvial Valley region of eastern Arkansas. Twelve candidate models (Schumacher, Bufford, Curtis, Meyer, Micment, Power, Logistic, Weibull, Chapman, Gompertz, Ratkowsky, and Prodan) were fitted using data from 2,762 individual trees across 34 Forest Inventory and Analysis (FIA) plots collected between 2015 and 2023. The results showed that the three-parameter Weibull model was the best-fitting model based on the relative rank sum scores and was therefore selected as the base model for further analysis. To account for interspecific variability, a nonlinear mixed-effects model was developed using the Weibull function with species as a random effect. The mixed-effects model performed better than the fixed-effects global models, with R2 = 0.79 and RMSE = 3.34 m. Furthermore, volume validation analysis revealed that mixed-effects model estimates were more consistent with the observed data. In contrast, global model estimates tended to underestimate volume in larger diameter classes (DBH > 50 cm). Additionally, applying response calibration to a subsample of trees localized these predictions and consistently reduced prediction errors relative to the uncalibrated population-average model. These findings suggest that the mixed-effects Weibull model is a robust and precise tool for predicting tree height and estimating volume for oak species in BLH forests of this region, providing a baseline for predicting biomass stock of these oak species and contributing to the development of biometric models to guide forest inventory, silvicultural practices, and forest management.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/ffgc.2026.1784806</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/ffgc.2026.1784806</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Bayesian geostatistical modeling outperforms machine learning for mapping carbon stocks from Sentinel-2 data in plantation-forest landscapes of Zimbabwe’s Eastern Highlands]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-04-28T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Tsikai Solomon Chinembiri</author><author>Onisimo Mutanga</author>
        <description><![CDATA[IntroductionAccurate, spatially explicit estimates of carbon stocks in plantation forests are essential for sustainable management and credible climate-change mitigation, yet plantation mosaics often exhibit strong spatial structure that can reduce the reliability of models that ignore spatial dependence.MethodsWe predicted aboveground carbon stock in planted-forest landscapes of Nyanga District, Eastern Highlands, Zimbabwe, using multispectral Sentinel-2 data and compared a Bayesian geostatistical hierarchical model with three machine-learning approaches: random forest, support vector machine, and k-nearest neighbors. Predictors included NDVI, SAVI, EVI, and distance to settlements, and models were evaluated using spatially blocked cross-validation.ResultsThe spatially informed Bayesian geostatistical hierarchical model delivered the lowest prediction errors and outperformed the best machine-learning model, random forest, while support vector machine and k-nearest neighbors showed larger errors. NDVI was the strongest predictor, SAVI added complementary signal, EVI contributed limited additional skill, and distance to settlements captured anthropogenic influence near managed edges. Bayesian modeling also enabled probabilistic uncertainty mapping, with higher uncertainty in sparsely sampled or rapidly changing plantation patches.DiscussionBayesian spatial modeling provides a robust and uncertainty-aware framework for planted-forest carbon accounting and outperforms the compared machine-learning approaches in this heterogeneous plantation landscape. These findings support its use for monitoring, reporting and verification and for site-level management decisions aligned with climate-mitigation and ecosystem-service goals.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/ffgc.2026.1700338</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/ffgc.2026.1700338</link>
        <title><![CDATA[From green spaces to green behaviors: pathways linking urban forest visitation to pro-environmental action]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-04-28T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Gangren Zhang</author><author>Sahar Erfanian</author><author>Rahim Maleknia</author>
        <description><![CDATA[IntroductionUrban forests serve as critical infrastructures for sustainability, human wellbeing, and environmental stewardship. Access to these resources represents a symbol of social and environmental justice and plays an important role in enabling people to benefit from their functions. However, a research gap remains concerning the impact of visiting these urban forests on citizens' pro-environmental behavior. This study examines the pathways through which urban forest visitation promotes pro-environmental behavior, integrating affective, cognitive, and normative factors into a unified structural model.MethodsUsing survey data from 471 residents of Mashhad, Iran, structural equation modeling was employed to analyze direct and indirect effects among forest visitation, nature connectedness, environmental knowledge, place attachment, environmental attitudes, environmental responsibility, and pro-environmental behavior.ResultsResults demonstrate that forest visitation exerted the strongest total effect on pro-environmental behavior (β = 0.744, p < 0.001), followed by place attachment (β = 0.371, p < 0.001), nature connectedness (β = 0.333, p < 0.001), and environmental responsibility (β = 0.243, p < 0.001). Environmental knowledge (β = 0.265, p < 0.001) and attitudes (β = 0.097, p < 0.05) contributed indirectly, primarily by shaping responsibility and behavioral intentions. Overall, the model explained 81% of the variance in pro-environmental behavior (R2 = 0.81), indicating substantial explanatory power.ConclusionThe findings highlight the importance of experiential (visitation), affective (connectedness, attachment), and normative (responsibility) pathways in fostering sustainable behavior, surpassing the influence of attitudes alone. The results highlighted necessity of policies ensuring equitable forest access.]]></description>
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